Biodiversity, a contraction of “biological diversity” was a term coined in 1985 and refers to the variety of all life on Earth and all its interactions. It comprises several levels of organisation, starting with genes, then individual species, then communities of creatures and finally entire ecosystems, such as forests or coral reefs, where life interacts with the physical environment. These varied and complex interactions have made Earth habitable for billions of years. Without biodiversity, life would not sustain.
We can understand more about biodiversity through the following three levels:
(i) Genetic diversity: the different genes contained in all the living species, including individual plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms.
(ii) Species diversity: the different species, as well as the differences within and between different species.
(iii) Ecosystem diversity: the different habitats, biological communities and ecological processes, as well as variation within individual ecosystems.
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