A phrase invented by Walter R. Stahel in the 1970s and popularized by William McDonough and Michael Braungart in their 2002 book of the same name. This framework seeks to create production techniques that are not just efficient but are essentially waste free. In cradle-to-cradle production, all material inputs and outputs are seen either as technical or biological nutrients. Technical nutrients can be recycled or reused with no loss of quality and biological nutrients composted or consumed. By contrast, cradle-to-grave refers to a company taking responsibility for the disposal of goods it has produced, but not necessarily putting products’ constituent components back into service.
Carbon cycle is the natural process through which carbon is exchanged between the atmosphere, oceans, soil, rocks, and living organisms on Earth. This cycle, when in rhythm, helps...
Carbon footprint is the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide that we emit through our daily activities and lifestyle choices such as...
A tax on fossil fuels, especially those used by motor vehicles, intended to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide. Under a carbon tax, the government sets a price that emitters mus...